Til t. MLVH H V fki. S. Religion and Migration. The Zoroastrian Diaspora. This page intentionally left blank. The Zoroastrian Diaspora. Religion and Migration.
The Ratanbai Katrak Lectures. Oriental Faculty, Oxford ig. JOHN R. HINNELLS. UNIVERSITY PRESS. UNIVERSITY PRESS. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6. DP. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Hhinells 2. 00. 5. The moral rights of the author have been asserted. Database right Oxford University Press (maker). First published 2. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced. Oxford University Press. Fnquiries concerning reproduction. Rights Department. Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover. The Zoroastrian Diaspora Religion and Migration The Ratanbai Katrak Lectures, the Oriental Faculty. In 1952 Feroze was elected to the National Assembly. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. Data available. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Data available. Typeset by Ncwgcn Imaging Svstems (P) Ltd., Chcnnai, India. Printed in Great Britain. Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wilts. ISBN 0- 1. 9- 8. 26. This book is dedicated to. Professor Mary Boyce. This page intentionally left blank. This book has grown out of the Ratanbai Katrak Lectures. Oriental Institute at Oxford. It was. a great honour to be invited to deliver such a prestigious series. The previous Katrak lecturer had been my mentor. Prof. 1 Her research for these lectures was so inno- . Burton Gold Medal. Royal Asiatic Society. Http:// ''Freedom Singers'' p Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Her fieldwork among orthodox. Zoroastrians in remote villages of Iran, where the religion had. It transformed her own. Following such groundbreak- . I am. grateful to the Trustees of the Katrak lectureship for inviting me. I am grateful. to the Trustees and to the Clarendon Press for their patience and. Britain, published as a separate. In one sense, this book is Volume 2 of those. There have been many reasons for its long gestation. I estimate that this research has. There have been. ten spells in hospital for major surgery, with lengthy periods in. Persian Stronghold of ^proastrianism, Oxford, 1. Hinnells, Aldershot, 2. The most serious of all problems was the death. Marianne, who had been the. I am deeply. grateful to many bodies and individuals for their support: to the. Oxford, Manchester, Hong Kong, London. University (SOAS); the British Academy and the Spalding Trusts. Zoroastrians, the Aresh, Rivetna and Treasureywala. Numerous individuals have helped in various ways. Burjor and Zarin Avari, the Avari family in Karachi, Shahpur F. I am. also very grateful to Nyrmla Singh, who took a break from her. Zanzibar and. Kenya when I was unable for medical reasons to go. Similarly. I wish to record my profound thanks to Sarah Longair for going. Sydney and Melbourne to update my material when health. Both of them produced. I wish to record particular thanks to Belinda Baker. She noted and corrected countless mistakes on my part. I wish also to express. OUP cartographer who produced the. I am also grateful to the doctors who have cared for me. Mr Kevin Hardinge and. Mr Fred Robinson; my own doctor, Dr Emma Baldwin, has been. Three friends. have enabled me to keep going after my wife's death, notably. May Earl, Alison Houghton, and Desmond O 'Grady Alison has. Cambridge and London during my. Without her help I doubt if the book would. I am also very grateful to the Fellows. Clare Hall and Robinson College for making me a member. Cambridge. My two. Mark and Duncan, have helped me enormously, especially. Anne's death, and have always been sources of joy and pride. Finally I wish to offer my. Professor Mary Boyce, my mentor for over. Her scholarly rigour. Words. are not adequate to thank her; I have therefore dedicated this. The Parsis of Karachi. The British in Sincl. The Establishment of Pakistan. Parsis in Karachi. Parsis in Pakistan. Karachi Parsi Religious and Secular Literature. Zoroastrians in East Africa. The Context: East African Asians. Parsis in Zanzibar: The Emerald Isle. Parsis in Kenya. Forgotten Parsis. The Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe. A Demographic Profile of British Zoroastrians. The Early Settlement. British Zoroastrian Institutions. An International Centre. After the Second World War. Zoroastrians in British Politics. Religion among British Zoroastrians. British Zoroastrians at the Turn of the Millennium. Zoroastrians in Paris. Zoroastrians in Germany. European Links with ZTFE. Zoroastrians in the United States and Canada. Zoroastrian Settlement on the. North American Continent. Religious Issues among American Zoroastrians. Settlement Years. The Specifically North American Dimension. Zoroastrian Communities. The 1. 99. 0s: A Period of Consolidation and Growth. Zoroastrians in Australia. The Context: Asian Migration to Australia. Australian Zoroastrians in the 1 9. Zoroastrians in Sydney. Zoroastrians in Melbourne. Globalizing Trends. The World Zoroastrian Organization. Global Networks: Zoroastrians on the Internet. The Seventh World Zoroastrian Congress. The Global Survey. Conclusion. The Zoroastrian Diasporas. Factors Affecting Zoroastrian Diasporas. Distinctive Zoroastrian Diasporic Features. Zoroastrians as a Typical Diaspora. Zoroastrianism and a Typology of Diasporas. Common Features of Maturation. Appendix 1: Speech of Sir Shapoorji Bomanji Billimoria, 7. President of the BPP, at a Public Jashan to Mark Indian. Appendix 2: Survey Data 7. Appendix 3: Survey Questionnaire on Contemporary 8. Zoroastrianism around the World. Selected Bibliography on Zoroastrianism 8 1 9. Name Index 8. 29. Subject Index 8. 45. Map 1. Par si Locations in Mumbai 5. Map 2. Hong Kong and the China Seas 1. Map 3. East Africa 2. Map 4. Zarathushti Presence in North America 4. Athravan Educational Trust. Association of Intermarried Zoroastrians. A Place of our own' . Abbreviation (used in the Tables) for Zoroastrian. ZS Zoroastrian Studies. ZSC Zoroastrian Sports Committee (committee of FEZANA). ZSO Zoroastrian Society of Ontario (based in Toronto). ZSWS Zoroastrian Society of Washington State. ZTFE Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe (based in London). ZWIN Zarathushti Women's International Network. ZYNA Zarathushti Youth of North America (group within. This page intentionally left blank. Introduction: Key Issues for This Book. The ^proastrian Perspective. Studies of Zoroastrianism have commonly focused on the ancient. Zaehner, notoriously entitled his clas- . The Dawn and Twilight of ^oroastrianism, 1 with the twilight. Sasanian era in the seventh century CE. Only Boyce has written on. Iranian Zoroastrians and the Parsis. The only scholar to. Parsi diaspora has been. Rashna Writer, who looked at. Zoroastrians in Britain, America, Canada and Pakistan; 5 otherwise. Zoroastrians in Britain. The point is that the. Zoroastrian diaspora has been mostly ignored by scholars. The. central conviction behind this book is that the diaspora groups. Sir Jamsetji Jijibhoy is famous. China. Similarly, the Cowasji Dinshaws. Aden and East Africa. Dadabhai Naoroji. London, 1. 96. 1. Choksey, Conflict and Cooperation. Zoroastrian Subalterns and Muslim Elites in Medieval Iranian Society, Columbia, 1. M. Boyce. Persian Stronghold of ^proastrianism, Oxford, 1. J. Amighi, Zoroastrians of Iran: Conversion. Assimilation, or Persistence, New York, 1. The 'standard' work on the Parsis is E. Kulke, The. Parsees in India: A Minority as Agents of Social Change, Munich, 1. Unfortunately he ignores. Parsis. Parsis are. Zubin. Mehta and Freddie Mercury, whose fame and fortunes were made. The diaspora communities are also important in. For example, it was a Parsi who took the. University of Hong Kong. Parsis were. crucial in the development of Zanzibar's port as a diversified mar- . At the turn. of the millennium, diaspora Zoroastrians are having a substantial. India and Iran, just as diasporic. Parsi Institutions in. India. 7 Similarly, the moves for a world body have been led from. What happens in one Zoroastrian community, in. Unquestionably the study of. Zoroastrianism in the modern world, even in the nineteenth. Many Zoroastrians. Parsi community. in India, the future of the world's oldest prophetic/revealed. New World. The pattern. Zoroastrian fam- . London; the. key moves for another international federation have been led from America. In addition, I believe that I have read all the. Parsis in the last thirty years, both in the old. My aim has been to document the. Zoroastrian. communities around the world. It has also been to compare the. One of the basic questions asked is, how different is it. Zoroastrian in, say, Hong Kong and Australia, or in Los. Angeles and London? How do different immigration and race. The study has also. Zoroastrians in large centres such as. Toronto, where there are 3,0. Zoroastrians with a well- . Germany and France. It is important also to com- . In America, for example, there are important differences. Houston and in Chicago, as there are. Sydney and Melbourne in Australia. In my case this is essen- . I seek never to take sides in community disputes. I am nevertheless conscious of a bias in my approach and use of. Numerous Parsis in many countries have become close. Many. of the names referred to in this book are those of people for whom. I have a deep respect and affection. I have stayed with them at. I have been. staying there, just as they shared my grief when my wife died. Sometimes, people I consider to be. I have been present at many of the bit- . Writing the scholarly 'neutral'. Most of my close. Although I hope. I have sought carefully to pay attention to the views and concerns of. Because many of my friends. Mumbai, come from the Orthodox or traditional wing. I may not give a. The biggest bias, or. I most regret, is that con- . Iranian Zoroastrian community are not as close as. Parsis. In the 1. I visited Iran many times, but that. Islamic. Republic in 1. Although Iranian Zoroastrians and Parsis have. Perhaps it is. inevitable that immersing oneself in either group will inevitably. Of course, I have. Iranian Zoroastrian friends in various countries and I have. Iranian Zoroastrians around the. I considered using the word 'Parsi' in the title of the book. But because of the num- .
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